 Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Overton, TX Spring represents a critical period for greenhouse crop production because increasing temperatures and the availability of tender plant growth create favorable conditions for the development of several insect pests. Among these, aphids are one of the most common and economically important pests encountered during this time. Aphids are small, soft-bodied, winged or wingless, phloem-feeding insects. Aphids feed by piercing plant tissues and sucking plant sap. Their feeding can cause a variety of symptoms, including curled or distorted leaves, stunted plant growth, and reduced plant vigor. In addition to direct feeding damage, aphids excrete a sticky substance known as honeydew. Honeydew can accumulate on leaves and stems, leading to the growth of sooty mold fungi that reduce the aesthetic quality and market value of ornamental plants. Some aphid species can also transmit plant viruses, making early management even more important. Many aphid species reproduce through parthenogenesis and give birth to live nymphs, allowing populations to increase exponentially within a short period. As a result, even low initial infestations can quickly develop into significant pest outbreaks if not detected and managed early through regular monitoring and timely intervention. Early detection is the key to effective aphid management. Growers should inspect plants frequently, especially new growth and the undersides of leaves, where aphids often congregate. Yellow sticky cards can only help to monitor the winged aphids, but not the wingless adults. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is the most effective strategy for managing aphids. Cultural practices, such as removing heavily infested plant material and managing weeds inside and around the greenhouse, can help reduce aphid populations. Maintaining good sanitation practices and carefully inspecting incoming plant material can also prevent new infestations. Biological control can be an effective tool in greenhouse systems. Natural enemies such as lady beetles, lacewings, and parasitic wasps can help suppress aphid populations when released at appropriate times. High pressure wash water spray can reduce the population of aphids. When aphid populations reach damaging levels, insecticides may be necessary. Growers should select products carefully and rotate insecticides with different modes of action to reduce the risk of resistance development. By combining monitoring, cultural practices, biological control, and responsible pesticide use, greenhouse growers can successfully manage aphids and protect the quality and productivity of their crops during the spring season.
Figure: Bean aphid (A), Crape myrtle aphid (B), and Green peach aphid (C). Photo courtesy: Rafia Khan
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Rafia Khan, Ph. D. Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Overton, Tx. Winter freezes often bring hope that cold weather will eliminate insect pests in landscapes and nurseries, offering a natural reset before the next growing season. After several nights of subfreezing temperatures, it is common to expect fewer insects and reduced pest pressure in spring. While freezing temperatures can suppress or temporarily reduce some exposed pest populations, they rarely provide complete control. Many insects are surprisingly resilient and well-adapted to surviving winter conditions through protective behaviors and physiological adaptations, allowing them to rebound quickly once temperatures warm.
Insects are exothermic or cold-blooded; their activity slows as temperatures drop. Feeding, reproduction, and development pause, and extreme cold can kill exposed individuals. However, many species avoid lethal temperatures by seeking protection in soil, mulch, bark crevices, plant crowns, or greenhouse structures. These microhabitats stay warmer than the surrounding air, thereby improving survival. Many insects can survive through dormancy (diapause) or by producing “antifreeze” compounds such as glycerol, sorbitol, antifreeze proteins, etc. that protect their tissues from freezing injury. Eggs, pupae, scales, borers, and soil-dwelling pests are especially resilient. As a result, even after a hard freeze, enough individuals often survive to quickly rebuild populations in spring. Freezes may temporarily suppress exposed pests such as aphids or caterpillars, but they should not be relied upon as a primary management tool. Warmer temperatures can lead to rapid reproduction and early-season outbreaks. Instead, winter is an ideal time to strengthen integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Remove plant debris, prune heavily infested branches, inspect bark and crowns for overwintering stages, and consider dormant oil applications for scales, mites, and aphids. Continue monitoring in greenhouses where pests may survive year-round. Rafia Khan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX Winter can feel like a break from pest pressure, but for nursery and greenhouse growers, many insects are still present and waiting for the right conditions. Protected structures, mild winter weather, and overwintering life stages allow many pests to survive on plants, in pots, in growing areas, in debris, and in weeds. If these pest populations are not addressed, they often resume early and aggressively in spring. Common winter pests include aphids, thrips, mealybugs, scale insects, whiteflies, spider mites, and greenhouse moth pests such as the European pepper moth. These insects can survive on plant material, in potting media, or within greenhouse structures, often going unnoticed until populations increase. Programmed scouting remains the foundation of winter Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Monitoring efforts should be focused on current in-house plants and newly arrived plant material. Inspect leaf undersides, stems, and growing points, and use sticky cards to detect flying insects early. Cultural practices play a key role in reducing pest pressure during winter. Sanitation, such as the removal of plant debris, leftover shipped plants, weeds, volunteer plants, and unused containers, should be removed from the production sites as they may harbor pests. Manage irrigation carefully to avoid conditions favorable for fungus gnats and root pests, and inspect incoming plants before placing them into production areas. When treatments are necessary, applying products strategically and rotating insecticide modes of action helps protect product performance and avoid costly resistance issues. Winter is also the best time for growers to step back and evaluate what worked and what didn’t during the past season. Reviewing pest records, adjusting management plans, and training employees to recognize early pest signs can pay off quickly. Investing time in winter pest management reduces carryover populations, improves plant quality, and helps operations enter spring with fewer surprises and lower control costs. Figure: Some greenhouse pests in winter. European pepper moth larva (A) and adult (B), Thrips (C), and mealybug (D)Couldn’t make it to the Innovation Summit this year? Good news — the recordings are now available, and you can still earn CEUs while learning how technology is reshaping the green industry. These sessions were designed to give you real takeaways you can bring back to your business today. Here’s a look at what you’ll find: Innovation in Sales & Promotions – What the Green Industry Needs NextThe message from participants was clear: businesses want better visibility into the technology market.
Customer Service Gets Smarter with Technology Speaker Eldar Causevic of Denali Green/Aspire Software shared how tech is changing customer service.
Services of the Future – Robotics, Lighting & Automation This session highlighted some of the most exciting advancements:
Bottom line: Companies that embrace automation and smart services now will set the standard for tomorrow. Driving Efficiencies – Smarter Tools for a Smarter Future Efficiency is the key to profitability, and participants explored new tools making a difference:
Key takeaway: The businesses that lean into multi-functional tech will see stronger ROI and be better prepared for workforce challenges. Watch On-Demand & Earn CEUs These recordings aren’t just inspiring — they’re practical. Each one offers actionable strategies and counts toward CEUs.
Your voice matters. Right now, two surveys are open that will shape decisions directly affecting Texas nurseries, greenhouses, and landscapers. We encourage all members to take a few minutes to participate so our industry’s needs are represented. 1) IR-4 Priority Setting Survey (Due Aug 29 The IR-4 Environmental Horticulture Program is setting its national research priorities for the next two years, and grower input will determine which pest, disease, and weed issues get funded. Right now, 75% of survey responses are from cut flower growers. If nursery and greenhouse producers don’t participate, our day-to-day challenges may not be reflected in IR-4’s plan. What we’re asking:
2) Native Tree Availability Survey (Due Sept 5) Upcoming local rulemaking may impact tree planting and availability. To prepare, TNLA is gathering marketplace data to show what species are realistically available.
What we’re asking:
Thank You for Taking Action Both of these surveys are short, but the impact is significant. By participating, you ensure the voice of Texas growers and retailers is part of the larger conversation shaping our industry’s future. |
AuthorKim Cabrera, TNLA Marketing Manager Archives
March 2026
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