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TNLA is thrilled to introduce our new "Working for You" Blog!
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Texas green industry businesses are facing rising production costs, persistent workforce challenges, and an increasingly unpredictable operating environment. The Texas Nursery and Landscape Association is making sure state lawmakers understand what those pressures mean for our members and what Texas can do to help keep the industry competitive. On August 18, TNLA submitted written testimony on behalf of the Texas green industry to the Texas House Committee on Agriculture and Livestock as the committee examined the resiliency and future competitiveness of Texas agriculture. TNLA thanks Chairman Ryan Guillen for holding the hearing and providing Texas agricultural industries the opportunity to share the economic and regulatory challenges affecting their businesses. Putting the Green Industry’s Economic Impact on the Record In its written testimony, TNLA highlighted the green industry’s significant role in Texas agriculture and the broader state economy. According to a 2025 Texas A&M University economic impact study, the Texas green industry supports 224,490 jobs and generates $35 billion in total economic output. Nursery and greenhouse crops also rank as Texas’ third-largest plant-based agricultural commodity by cash receipts, behind only cotton and corn. But the cost of doing business continues to climb. Production costs for nursery and greenhouse growers increased 67% between 2007 and 2025, including increases of 95% for labor, 68% for containers and 67% for freight. At the same time, industry operating margins have tightened, leaving businesses with less room to absorb additional costs or uncertainty. What TNLA Asked Lawmakers to Consider In its written testimony, TNLA urged lawmakers to consider several practical solutions that could strengthen the long-term resiliency of growers, suppliers and landscape businesses:
Working for You The House Agriculture and Livestock Committee’s interim work will help inform legislative discussions heading into the next legislative session. TNLA will continue engaging lawmakers throughout that process to ensure the green industry’s perspective is represented. Our members grow the plants, supply the materials, build the landscapes and maintain the green spaces Texans interact with every day. TNLA will continue making sure policymakers understand both the industry’s significant contribution to the Texas economy and what our businesses need to remain resilient and competitive. Read TNLA’s full written testimony below.
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Healthy plants are the foundation of a successful greenhouse and nursery operation. As growers continue to face new pest challenges, emerging diseases, and changing regulatory requirements, staying informed about effective pest management strategies is essential. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service invites greenhouse growers, nursery professionals, landscape professionals, and horticulture enthusiasts to attend the Greenhouse and Nursery Pest Management Seminar on Friday, July 31, 2026, at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Overton, Texas. This one-day educational program will provide practical, research-based information to help participants improve integrated pest management (IPM) programs, protect plant health, and enhance production efficiency. The seminar will feature specialists from Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, the Texas Department of Agriculture, and industry partners. The program will begin with registration at 8 a.m. and will include presentations covering a wide range of topics important to greenhouse and nursery production. Attendees will earn six Texas Department of Agriculture continuing education units (CEUs), including one hour in Laws and Regulations and five hours in Integrated Pest Management. Morning sessions will focus on building strong pest and disease management programs. Mark Freeman and Sam Gray with Bioworks will discuss the use of biopesticides as part of modern IPM strategies. Dr. Kevin Ong, professor and associate department head with AgriLife Extension, will share approaches for preventing greenhouse plant diseases through proper sanitation and production practices. Dr. Rafia Khan, Extension Entomologist with Texas A&M AgriLife, will discuss emerging and established insect pests affecting ornamental crops, including monitoring and management strategies. The morning will conclude with Desaray Melina Delaloza from the Texas Department of Agriculture, who will provide updates on laws and regulations impacting greenhouse and nursery operations. After lunch and networking, afternoon sessions will highlight sustainable approaches to pest management. Dr. Arash Kheirodin with Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension in Dallas will discuss ecologically based IPM strategies for controlled environment cropping systems. Dr. Andrew King with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension in Overton will present horticultural practices that support IPM and promote healthy ornamental production. The seminar provides a valuable opportunity for industry professionals to learn from experts, connect with peers, and gain practical knowledge that can be applied immediately. With increasing pest pressures and evolving production challenges, proactive management and continued education are key to maintaining healthy plants and successful businesses. Registration is $50 per person and includes seminar materials and lunch. The event will be held at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, located at 1710 FM 3053, Overton, Texas. Space is limited, so early registration is encouraged. Join Texas A&M AgriLife Extension for a day of learning, collaboration, and networking as we work together to strengthen greenhouse and nursery pest management programs across Texas. Whether you are a seasoned professional or looking to expand your IPM knowledge, this seminar offers valuable information and resources to support healthier plants and more successful production systems.  Rafia Khan, Ph. D. Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Excess rainfall during spring and summer can significantly increase pest pressure in nurseries, greenhouses, and landscapes. Warm temperatures combined with high humidity and prolonged moisture create favorable conditions for rapid pest development, survival, and spread. Soft-bodied insects such as aphids, whiteflies, thrips, and mites often become more active during wet weather periods. Excess moisture promotes lush plant growth and tender foliage, which are highly attractive to many pests. Standing water and saturated growing media can also encourage European pepper moth, fungus gnats and shore flies, particularly in greenhouse production systems. Wet conditions can make pest management more challenging. Rain may reduce the effectiveness of contact insecticides by washing away spray residues, often requiring repeated applications. Prolonged wet weather can also limit access to production areas, making routine scouting and timely pesticide applications difficult. High humidity and dense plant canopies further complicate early pest detection. Many pests, including thrips and mites, remain hidden within flowers, buds, or on the undersides of leaves, allowing populations to build unnoticed. In addition, storm events and strong winds may contribute to the movement and spread of invasive pests into new production areas. Excess rainfall may also disrupt beneficial insect activity. Natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids are often less active during prolonged storms and humid conditions, reducing natural pest suppression and allowing pest populations to increase rapidly once environmental conditions improve. Implementing proactive integrated pest management (IPM) practices is essential during periods of excessive rainfall. Regular scouting and monitoring with sticky traps can help detect pest populations early. Improving drainage, increasing air circulation, maintaining proper sanitation, avoiding overwatering, and removing heavily infested plant material can reduce favorable conditions for pests. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action and conserving beneficial insects are also important strategies for long-term pest management and resistance prevention. As weather patterns continue to become increasingly unpredictable, adopting management practices and maintaining consistent monitoring programs will remain Rafia Khan, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX Spring in Texas often brings warm temperatures along with frequent rain and storm events, creating highly favorable conditions for increased pest pressure in nurseries, greenhouses, and landscape systems. Elevated humidity and excess moisture significantly enhance pest development, survival, and reproduction, making this season particularly challenging for growers. These environmental conditions not only accelerate pest life cycles but also create ideal microhabitats for hidden and soil-associated pests, increasing the risk of sudden infestations and economic losses. Favorable Conditions for Pest OutbreaksSoft-bodied insects such as aphids, whiteflies, and thrips thrive under warm, humid conditions commonly observed during spring. The flush of new plant growth during this period provides tender, nutrient-rich tissues that are highly attractive for feeding and reproduction. As a result, pest populations can increase rapidly within a short period, often going unnoticed until visible damage appears. Without timely monitoring and intervention, these pests can quickly reach damaging levels and affect plant quality and marketability. Soil and Moisture Associated Pests Prolonged wet conditions create ideal environments for pests such as fungus gnats and shore flies, particularly in greenhouse and nursery production systems. Their larvae develop in moist growing media, feeding on organic matter and plant roots, which can weaken plants and reduce overall vigor. Additionally, pests like the European pepper moth benefit from high moisture conditions, as their larvae remain concealed in the lower canopy or within the growing media. This hidden feeding behavior, combined with favorable environmental conditions, makes early detection difficult and allows populations to build up before noticeable symptoms appear. Pest Spread and Increased Activity Rainfall and storm events can also contribute to the spread of pests within production systems. Splashing water can move infested soil, plant debris, eggs, and larvae between containers or across growing areas, facilitating rapid dispersal. Furthermore, outdoor pests such as caterpillars and beetles often become more active following rainfall, increasing feeding activity and the likelihood of damage. Wind and storm movement can also aid in dispersing adult insects into new areas, compounding pest pressure. Challenges in Pest Control Frequent rainfall presents additional challenges by reducing the effectiveness of insecticide applications. Rain can wash off residues from plant surfaces, shortening the duration of control and requiring more precise timing of applications. High humidity may also affect product performance and pest exposure, making control less consistent during extended wet periods. Take-Home Message Overall, rainy spring weather creates ideal conditions for pest outbreaks by enhancing survival, reproduction, and spread, while simultaneously reducing control effectiveness. Under these conditions, consistent scouting, proper irrigation management, and timely, integrated interventions are essential to minimize pest impact and maintain plant quality and marketability. Rafia Khan, Ph. D. Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX The Texas House and Senate have now released their 2026 interim charges, the official study topics committees will work on ahead of the 2027 legislative session. These charges often become the foundation for the next round of legislation, giving us an early look at the issues that may shape the future policy environment for our industry. You can review the full charges here:Senate Interim Charges: https://www.ltgov.texas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/2026-Interim-Charges.pdf House Interim Charges: https://www.house.texas.gov/pdfs/speaker/F-Interim-Charges-3.25.pdf From TNLA’s perspective, the biggest themes are water supply and supporting Texas agriculture, but the interim charges extend well beyond those issues. They also address insurance affordability, property tax relief, local government fees, workforce transportation, housing growth, permitting timelines, and the overall competitiveness of Texas agriculture and small businesses.
Taken together, these charges examine many of the core factors that determine how easy or difficult it is to operate a green industry business in Texas, from access to water and labor to the cost of trucks, insurance, land, and local permits. Two House committees stand out as especially important for our members. House Agriculture & Livestock includes meaningful charges on invasive species, Texas Department of Agriculture authority, agricultural resiliency, and expanding markets for Texas-grown products. These discussions could directly affect plant health response, quarantine processes, specialty crop competitiveness, and the visibility of Texas-grown nursery and landscape products. House Natural Resources may be the most significant committee for the green industry this interim. Charges on groundwater management, new water supply strategies, brackish groundwater, data center water use, and regional water planning all go directly to long-term water availability and allocation. These discussions will influence how Texas balances growth, agriculture, urban water needs, and future supply development. On the Senate side, we are also closely tracking charges related to data center water demand, utility revenue transfers, desalination, insurance affordability, local fee transparency, and CDL standards. Each of these has real implications for project timelines, business costs, labor flexibility, and long-term water affordability. Our advocacy team will be actively monitoring hearings, identifying opportunities for committee feedback and testimony, and ensuring the voice of Texas nurseries, landscape professionals, irrigators, and allied businesses is part of these conversations. The interim is where many of the biggest ideas for the next session begin to take shape, and we believe the 2026 cycle could be especially consequential for water policy, Texas agriculture, and the overall business climate for the green industry. We will continue to keep you updated as these hearings develop. Rafia Khan, Ph. D Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist The European pepper moth (Duponchelia fovealis) is an emerging pest of concern in greenhouse and nursery production systems, particularly in ornamental crops. Accurate identification and early recognition of injury symptoms are critical for timely management, as infestations often go unnoticed until significant damage has occurred. Identification Adult moths are relatively small, with a wingspan of approximately 19-23 mm. They are typically tan to brown in color. The front wings have two cream-colored bands; outer one has a finger-like projection. Their abdomen has white colored rings. The adults are weak fliers and hold their wings flat in a triangular shape at rest. Due to their size and coloration, adults can be easily overlooked among plant material. Eggs are very small, oval, and pale in color, and are usually laid in concealed locations such as the undersides of leaves, along leaf veins, or near the base of plants. These eggs are difficult to detect without close inspection. Larvae are the most damaging stage and are more commonly encountered than adults. Newly hatched larvae are small and translucent, but as they mature, they become creamy white to light brown with a distinct dark brown head capsule. Fully grown larvae can reach up to 15–20 mm in length. Larvae are typically found in protected areas such as the lower canopy, at the crown of the plant, or within the growing media. Their cryptic behavior makes them difficult to detect during routine scouting. Pupation occurs in silken cocoons that may be found in soil, plant debris, or along container edges. These cocoons are often covered with particles of soil or plant material, further aiding concealment. Injury Pattern The European pepper moth primarily causes damage during the larval stage. Feeding typically begins on lower leaves and stems, often near the base of the plant. Early symptoms include small chewing marks on foliage, which can be easily mistaken for minor or incidental damage. As larvae grow, feeding becomes more aggressive and extensive. Leaves may become skeletonized or exhibit irregular holes. Larvae may also bore into stems at or just above the soil line, causing girdling. This type of injury disrupts water and nutrient movement within the plant, often leading to wilting, stunted growth, or plant collapse. One of the distinguishing signs of infestation is the presence of webbing produced by larvae. This webbing is often mixed with frass (insect excrement) and plant debris, creating a messy appearance around the crown and lower foliage. In potted ornamentals, larvae may also feed within the growing medium, damaging roots and lower stems, which further contributes to plant decline. Plant injury is often concentrated in hidden areas, making early detection difficult. By the time symptoms such as wilting or significant defoliation are visible, larval populations may already be well established. In ornamental crops, even moderate feeding damage and contamination with frass can significantly reduce aesthetic quality, leading to reduced marketability or complete crop loss. Recognizing these identification features and injury patterns is essential for early detection and effective management of this increasingly important pest.
Photo credit, Rafia Khan
Rafia Khan, Ph. D. Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center Overton, Tx. Winter freezes often bring hope that cold weather will eliminate insect pests in landscapes and nurseries, offering a natural reset before the next growing season. After several nights of subfreezing temperatures, it is common to expect fewer insects and reduced pest pressure in spring. While freezing temperatures can suppress or temporarily reduce some exposed pest populations, they rarely provide complete control. Many insects are surprisingly resilient and well-adapted to surviving winter conditions through protective behaviors and physiological adaptations, allowing them to rebound quickly once temperatures warm.
Insects are exothermic or cold-blooded; their activity slows as temperatures drop. Feeding, reproduction, and development pause, and extreme cold can kill exposed individuals. However, many species avoid lethal temperatures by seeking protection in soil, mulch, bark crevices, plant crowns, or greenhouse structures. These microhabitats stay warmer than the surrounding air, thereby improving survival. Many insects can survive through dormancy (diapause) or by producing “antifreeze” compounds such as glycerol, sorbitol, antifreeze proteins, etc. that protect their tissues from freezing injury. Eggs, pupae, scales, borers, and soil-dwelling pests are especially resilient. As a result, even after a hard freeze, enough individuals often survive to quickly rebuild populations in spring. Freezes may temporarily suppress exposed pests such as aphids or caterpillars, but they should not be relied upon as a primary management tool. Warmer temperatures can lead to rapid reproduction and early-season outbreaks. Instead, winter is an ideal time to strengthen integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Remove plant debris, prune heavily infested branches, inspect bark and crowns for overwintering stages, and consider dormant oil applications for scales, mites, and aphids. Continue monitoring in greenhouses where pests may survive year-round. Rafia Khan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX Winter can feel like a break from pest pressure, but for nursery and greenhouse growers, many insects are still present and waiting for the right conditions. Protected structures, mild winter weather, and overwintering life stages allow many pests to survive on plants, in pots, in growing areas, in debris, and in weeds. If these pest populations are not addressed, they often resume early and aggressively in spring. Common winter pests include aphids, thrips, mealybugs, scale insects, whiteflies, spider mites, and greenhouse moth pests such as the European pepper moth. These insects can survive on plant material, in potting media, or within greenhouse structures, often going unnoticed until populations increase. Programmed scouting remains the foundation of winter Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Monitoring efforts should be focused on current in-house plants and newly arrived plant material. Inspect leaf undersides, stems, and growing points, and use sticky cards to detect flying insects early. Cultural practices play a key role in reducing pest pressure during winter. Sanitation, such as the removal of plant debris, leftover shipped plants, weeds, volunteer plants, and unused containers, should be removed from the production sites as they may harbor pests. Manage irrigation carefully to avoid conditions favorable for fungus gnats and root pests, and inspect incoming plants before placing them into production areas. When treatments are necessary, applying products strategically and rotating insecticide modes of action helps protect product performance and avoid costly resistance issues. Winter is also the best time for growers to step back and evaluate what worked and what didn’t during the past season. Reviewing pest records, adjusting management plans, and training employees to recognize early pest signs can pay off quickly. Investing time in winter pest management reduces carryover populations, improves plant quality, and helps operations enter spring with fewer surprises and lower control costs. Figure: Some greenhouse pests in winter. European pepper moth larva (A) and adult (B), Thrips (C), and mealybug (D)Your voice matters. Right now, two surveys are open that will shape decisions directly affecting Texas nurseries, greenhouses, and landscapers. We encourage all members to take a few minutes to participate so our industry’s needs are represented. 1) IR-4 Priority Setting Survey (Due Aug 29 The IR-4 Environmental Horticulture Program is setting its national research priorities for the next two years, and grower input will determine which pest, disease, and weed issues get funded. Right now, 75% of survey responses are from cut flower growers. If nursery and greenhouse producers don’t participate, our day-to-day challenges may not be reflected in IR-4’s plan. What we’re asking:
2) Native Tree Availability Survey (Due Sept 5) Upcoming local rulemaking may impact tree planting and availability. To prepare, TNLA is gathering marketplace data to show what species are realistically available.
What we’re asking:
Thank You for Taking Action Both of these surveys are short, but the impact is significant. By participating, you ensure the voice of Texas growers and retailers is part of the larger conversation shaping our industry’s future. |
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September 2026
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